The picture below is an LED or a Light Emitting Diode. The positive pin is longer than the negative pin and they need to be powered by a 1.5 - 3v power supply like a battery pack or an Arduino. The voltage they take depends on the color of the LED.

The image below is a speaker. it has a magnet at the bottom and a tightly wrapped coil attached to a plastic diaphragm. When you send a pulsing voltage through the speaker coil, it will make sound.

The image below is a motor. Motors are devices that convert electrical energy into rotating mechanical energy. If you spin a dc motor, you will generate electricity. Only dc motors can be used as generators.

The image below has batteries. Batteries are devices that have different layers types of metals with a layer soaked in a conductive liquid between them.

The image below shows a relay. A relay is a mechanical device that is used to control a large electrical current with a smaller electrical current. They are used in lots of different types of equipment.

The image below is a transistor. The way they are used in a circuit is similar to a relay. They have less pins on them and they last longer because they are not mechanical.

The image below is a diode. Diodes only let current flow in one direction. They are good for converting AC to DC .

The text below will show what different electronic abbreviations mean.

RGB = Red, Green and Blue

LED = Light Emitting Diode

BJT = Bipolar Junction Transistor

W = Watts

V = Volts

A = Amps

mA = Milliamps

mAH = Milliamp Hours

Wh = Watt Hours